TCPA — AI-generated voices are 'artificial or prerecorded' calls
United States (federal) · 47 U.S.C. § 227; FCC Declaratory Ruling (Feb 8, 2024); pending FCC AI-disclosure NPRM · effective 2024-02-08
Summary
The FCC ruled that calls using AI-generated or AI-modified voices are 'artificial or prerecorded voice' calls under the TCPA. Prior express consent is required for most such calls, calling-hour limits apply, and a pending rule would require a plain-language AI disclosure at the start of every call.
Who must comply
Any business placing AI voice-agent calls to U.S. residential or mobile numbers.
What you must disclose
Identify the business at the start of the call; a specific 'this call uses an AI-generated voice' disclosure is proposed federally and already required by some states.
When: At the opening of the call.
Other duties
- Obtain and log prior express (written, for marketing) consent.
- Call only 8am–9pm local time.
- Honor opt-outs immediately.
Exemptions
- Calls with valid prior express consent still require identification but are lawful.
Penalties
$500 per call, up to $1,500 per willful call, with no cap; frequent class actions.
Enforced by: FCC, state attorneys general, and private plaintiffs.
Triggered by
Sources
Last reviewed 2026-09-09. Not legal advice.
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